Artificial Intelligence Is The Intelligence Exhibited By...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior. Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as the study and design of intelligent agents, in which an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications. The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. General intelligence is still among the field s long-term goals. Currently popular approaches include statistical methods,computational intelligence andShow MoreRelatedHuman Intelligence And Artificial Intelligence1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe concern is not between machine and brain, but whether human ingenuity is as exceptional as or better than nature itself. The human being, a natural part of the world, has evolved from lower organisms to much higher, complex creatures; eventually the evolutionary process occurred because we were able to interact with our environment and being shaped by it physically and mentally, as this interaction was at an all-time high, we came up with intelligence. Intelligence has fascinated man since theRead MoreArtificial Intelligence for Speech Recognitio n1676 Words   |  7 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION THE FUTURE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION ABSTRACT: When you dial the telephone number of a big company, you are likely to hear the sonorous voice of a cultured lady who responds to your call with great courtesy saying â€Å"welcome to company X. Please give me the extension number you want† .You pronounces the extension number, your name, and the name of the person you want to contact. If the called person accepts the call, the connection is given quickly. This isRead MoreEssay Star Trek: the Next Generation â€Å"the Measure of a Man†614 Words   |  3 PagesBased on my reading of Hasker (1983), I believe the view of the mind or body problem that was exhibited by Piccard in the synopsis from Star Trek: The Next Generation was the Dualism view. Picard stated that, â€Å"Data has rights among them the right to refuse to undergo an experimental procedure such as this.† Here, Picard ascribes both physical and mental attributes to the robot (Data). This view correlates to Hasker (1983) statement that, â⠂¬Å"Dualism begins by taking quite seriously the fact that humanRead MoreEssay about Brown B MIS5000 8 51328 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness management software- usually a suite of integrated applications that a company can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities, including: Product planning, cost,, manufacturing or service delivery, marketing and sales, inventory management, and shipping and payment† (Wikipedia). Why are they difficult to implement? Customer relationship management is hard to implement in areas such as sales software, direct marketing and fulfillment software, and customer serviceRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Artificial Intelligence1405 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the earliest time, man has dreamed of machines that could act and think like him. This idea has since brought up many serious ethical and moral questions: Should â€Å"flawed† humans create â€Å"flawed† machines with increasing power and complexity, and then trust them? The increasingly popular â€Å"We can do it, so we should† notion of technology has created a huge dilemma, as has commercial, political, and military institutions that seek their own interests first when regarding scientific theories andRead MoreArtificial Intelligence in Missile Technology2928 Words   |  12 PagesARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MISSILE TECHNOLOGY K.Manasa B-Tech III/IV Branch: EEE Shadan College of Engg Tech, Peerancheru, Hyderabad-08. konda_sowmya @yahoo.com Abstract: The development, strength, economy and progress depends on the status of the Defence, This paper deals with various generations of computer where the fifth generation computers use Artificial Intelligence. A few applications of Artificial Intelligence used in various technologies have also been discussed. The main focus of paperRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Dominant Theory1792 Words   |  8 Pages Artificial intelligence is intelligence exhibited by machines or software. Artificial intelligence also studies how people create computers that are capable or preforming an intelligent behavior, like a human (Business Dictionary). To back up artificial intelligence, there is functionalism. Hilary Putman developed functionalism in the 1970’s, which is still the dominant theory in todays’ society. Functionalism states that having a mind does not require a brain and mental states can be realizedRead MoreRobots : A Mechanical Or Virtual Artificial Agent Essay1972 W ords   |  8 PagesROBOTICS A robot is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent , usually an electromechanical machine that is guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry , and thus a type of anembedded system . Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda s Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO ) and TOSY s TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot (TOPIO) to industrial robots , medical operating robots, patent assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed swarmRead MoreBig Data Is Not Always The Defining Factor1046 Words   |  5 Pagesor form to guide business decisions, the big data phenomenon has brought this practice to levels that have previously only existed in science fiction. The driving force behind this movement comes from several different places. As exhibited in both the videos by SAS software and Dell EMC, as well as in Kenneth Cukier’s TED Talk, the sheer amount of data that exists in the world is increasing exponentially.1,2,3 The speed at which we generate data is accelerating, thanks in large part to the interconnectednessRead MoreNeural Stack Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pageshave taken samples of dogs and how it is assoc iated in connecting signals over the time and probability of the reason for pretending over the deep neural networks for sample photos of the power that is generated in the concepts of creativity and intelligence over the expected period of time. AI community believes that the bottleneck idea for information for future deep learning and the researches of neural network believe that the development of neural networks seems a low credibility of reasons and

Battle of Tours, 732 Muslims vs. Christians

The Battle of Tours was fought during the Muslim invasions of Western Europe in the 8th century. Armies Commanders at the Battle of Tours Franks Charles Martel20,000-30,000 men Umayyads Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqiunknown, but perhaps as high as 80,000 men Battle of Tours - Date Martels triumph at the Battle of Tours occurred on October 10, 732. Background on the Battle of Tours   In 711, the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate crossed into the Iberian Peninsula from Northern Africa and quickly began overrunning the regions Visigothic Christian kingdoms. Consolidating their position on the peninsula, they used the area as a platform for commencing raids over the Pyrenees into modern-day France. Initially meeting little resistance, they were able to gain a foothold and the forces of Al-Samh ibn Malik established their capital at Narbonne in 720.  Commencing attacks against Aquitaine, they were checked at the Battle of Toulouse in 721. This saw Duke Odo defeat the Muslim invaders and kill Al-Samh. Retreating to Narbonne, Umayyad troops continued raiding west and north reached as far as Autun, Burgundy in 725. In 732, Umayyad forces led by the governor of Al-Andalus, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, advanced in force into Aquitaine.  Meeting Odo at the Battle of the River Garonne they won a decisive victory and commenced sacking the region. Fleeing north, Odo sought aid from the Franks. Coming before Charles Martel, the Frankish mayor of the palace, Odo was promised aid only if he promised to submit to the Franks. Agreeing, Martel began raising his army to meet the invaders. In the years previous, having assessed the situation in Iberia and the Umayyad attack on Aquitaine, Charles came to believe that a professional army, rather than raw conscripts, was needed to defend the realm from invasion. To raise the money necessary to build and train an army that could withstand the Muslim horsemen, Charles began seizing Church lands, earning the ire of the religious community. Battle of Tours - Moving to Contact Moving to intercept Abdul Rahman, Charles used secondary roads to avoid detection and allow him to select the battlefield. Marching with approximately 30,000 Frankish troops he assumed a position between the towns of Tours and Poitiers. For the battle, Charles selected a high, wooded plain which would force the Umayyad cavalry to charge uphill through unfavorable terrain. This included trees in front of the Frankish line which would aid in breaking up cavalry attacks. Forming a large square, his men surprised Abdul Rahman, who did not expect to encounter a large enemy army and forced the Umayyad emir to pause for a week to consider his options. This delay benefited Charles as it allowed him to summon more of his veteran infantry to Tours. Battle of Tours - The Franks Stand Strong As Charles reinforced, the increasingly cold weather began to prey on the Umayyads who were unprepared for the more northern climate. On the seventh day, after gathering all of his forces, Abdul Rahman attacked with his Berber and Arab cavalry. In one of the few instances where medieval infantry stood up to cavalry, Charles troops defeated repeated Umayyad attacks. As the battle waged, the Umayyads finally broke through the Frankish lines and attempted to kill Charles. He was promptly surrounded by his personal guard who repulsed the attack. As this was occurring, scouts that Charles had sent out earlier were infiltrating the Umayyad camp and freeing prisoners and slaves. Believing that the plunder of the campaign was being stolen, a large part of the Umayyad army broke off the battle and raced to protect their camp. This departure appeared as a retreat to their comrades who soon began to flee the field. While attempting to stop the apparent retreat, Abdul Rahman was surrounded and killed by Frankish troops. Briefly pursued by the Franks, the Umayyad withdrawal turned into a full retreat. Charles re-formed his troops expecting another attack the next day, but to his surprise, it never came as the Umayyads continued their retreat all the way to Iberia. Aftermath While exact casualties for the Battle of Tours are not known, some chronicles relate that Christian losses numbered around 1,500 while Abdul Rahman suffered approximately 10,000. Since Martels victory, historians have argued over the battles significance with some stating that his victory saved Western Christendom while others feel that its repercussions were minimal. Regardless, the Frankish victory at Tours, along with subsequent campaigns in 736 and 739, effectively stopped the advance of Muslim forces from Iberia allowing the further development of the Christian states in Western Europe. Sources Battle of Tours: 732Decisive Battles: Battle of ToursBattle of Tours: Primary Sources

Google Books Free Essays

Tourism Operations In your own words please share with me your understanding on these concepts. I will be grading on depth of knowledge, practical examples and management techniques of each product or service. Please Use Weekly ADAIR, REPAY and Occupancy% PDF – Performance By Industry Segments For the Week of: February 03, 2013 – February 09, 2013 Forecasting Question: #1 – Your hotel is in Phoenix, Arizona. We will write a custom essay sample on Google Books or any similar topic only for you Order Now For the Week of: February 03, 2013 – February 9, you’re your Occupancy % is down but your ADAIR and Repay are up. Please share with me in a written response the reason for this variance. In other words why if your occupancy % is down would you ADAIR and Repay be up? If you were the General Manager what would you change or keep the same for next weeks rates and why? Tourist Target Markets – Here is the URL for Hotel Simulator, please review the tourist market segment section for next weeks final. Please copy and paste this URL into your browser to access. Http://www. Heterosexuality. Com/document/o. L . 1 . HTML #2 – A market segment is simply a group of customers who have common requirements for a product or a service. Below you will see four tourist market segments that you would like to attempt to attract to your hotel: 1) Business – Name two out of the top three influences that are present in each of the business traveler’s decision making process. Why are these so important to the equines traveler? ) Families – Name the three least influential factors in why a family will choose your Hotel over another. 3) International Affluent Mature. How to cite Google Books, Papers

Cons of Judicial Review free essay sample

Judicial review is unlike almost every other aspect of the American legal and legislative processes. It’s different for several reasons, but it is most unique in the sense that it was put into practice before it was put in to the books as law. It was instituted by Chief Justice John Marshall in 1803’s landmark case Marbury v. Madison. Judicial review has been around for over 200 years, and it still draws as much criticism today as it did the day it was instituted. John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and presided over some of the most important and famous trials in our country’s history, trials such as McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v. Virginia, and perhaps most infamously, the Aaron Burr treason trial. But all of these cases pale in comparison to the impact of Marbury v. Madison, both then and now. In ruling that Congress does not have the power to change an opinion of the court, and that the Constitution supersedes any act of Congress it is in conflict with (in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789), Marshall perhaps forever changed the course of law in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Cons of Judicial Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marshall’s decision in Marbury was formed not by the facts of the case, but rather whether he had the jurisdiction to hear the case at all. The case went directly to the Supreme Court because Marbury was seeking a writ of mandamus and the Judiciary Act of 1789 states that the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in such cases. Article III of the Constitution, however, lists situations in which the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction and writ on mandamus cases are not one of the situations given. Given these facts, it was Marshall’s â€Å"emphatic and provincial duty† to say what the law of the land should be. He ruled that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and that judges shall not enforce a law they deem to be unconstitutional. The decision in Marbury v. Madison sent immediate and long reaching shock waves through the U. S. , and with good reason. With one decision on what seemed to be a relatively routine case, John Marshall was able to put the Supreme Court, and as such the entire judicial branch, on equal footing with the legislative and executive branches, placing them firmly into the American political process. This new-found strength and importance was met with resistance and resentment at the time, animosity which still exists in some circles today. In my opinion, judicial review is one of the key responsibilities of the Supreme Court, as it is a sort of ‘safety net’ to keep the law from running to any extreme; or away from the Constitution, hich states the principals on which our country was built. As seen in U. S. v. Carolene Products Co. it helps to protect groups of minorities (whether physical or ideological) from a majority trying to over rule them. There are, however, many critics of judicial review who feel it provides a group that is supposed to be neutral a chance to have the final say on issues that are often times divisive. According to them, it is not the duty of the court to shape the law, but rather simply enforce it. The thought that a group of people who are appointed for life and face no real consequences for their decisions can overrule the elected officials doing the will of the people is, in their mind, wrong. They believe that the decisions made today should not be forced to conform to a maddingly vague, centuries-old document. There is also the rather ironic argument that judicial review, in and of itself, is unconstitutional. Nowhere in the Constitution is the power of judicial review given to the courts, and for some that leads to charges of hypocrisy. How can the decisions the court makes on the constitutionality of a law be considered binding, when there is nothing saying the Supreme Court’s word is final. By instituting judicial review, John Marshall was able to give his branch of government, which was at the time the weakest, the final say in all matters pertaining to the law and in essence, all matters of life in the U. S. His ideals have stood the test of time, and will continue to be the way our country is run for a long time to come. Love it or hate it, judicial review is going nowhere.